Zero Tolerance For Non-Compliance
Clinton's Ten Steps Toward Lifelong Behavior Modification
by Berit Kjos
Should Twana
Dawson, a Pensacola, Florida high school sophomore, be expelled
for bringing a nail clipper to school? Her principal, Norm Ross,
seems to think so, even though Twana intended no wrong. Nor did
she realize that the small knife attached to the clipper - which
she used to clean her nails - would violate the school's Zero
Tolerance policy. (WND, 6-7-99)
But the lack of "intent" doesn't stop today's self-proclaimed
social engineers from pursuing their goals. Remember, the nationwide
Zero Tolerance policy began long before Mr. Ross used the violence
in Littleton as his excuse for the harsh penalty. Our government
has been using each new eruption of violence to win public consent
for its unjust policies, just as it uses compassion for the mentally
ill as a rationale for its massive system for monitoring and
managing the "mental health of the population."1
Both programs, mental health and zero tolerance, are vital
parts of a far more insidious program of intimidation, control,
and cultural transformation. While the process began decades
ago, the pieces are finally fitting into place. And, as Raymond
Houghton, Professor of Secondary Education at Rhode Island College,
predicted almost three decades ago, few Americans know what is
happening.
"...absolute behavior control is imminent," he wrote
in a 1970 NEA book. "The critical point of behavior control,
in effect, is sneaking up on mankind without his self-conscious
realization that a crisis is at hand. Man will... never self-consciously
know that it has happened."2
PREPOSTEROUS PENALTIES FOR GOOD KIDS
John Turner couldn't understand what had happened to him.
The twelve-year-old honor student was arrested during a school
recess, handcuffed, taken to juvenile hall, fingerprinted, and
forbidden to call his mother. He had to sign a $250 bond and
may face steeper punishment along with a lifelong police blot
on his personal computerized data file "if found guilty".
What could a good sixth grader do to deserve such bad treatment?
"He hit back," says his mother, Alyne Turner.
In 1997, during a January cold spell in Louisiana, the students
at his elementary school were kept inside during recess. "Another
student began picking on John, calling him names," says
Mrs. Turner. John responded to the intimidation by telling his
adversary that he must be stupid if he thought those insulting
words were true.
The other boy hit him in the face. It hurt-especially since
John was wearing braces. John reacted and hit back. The other
students agreed that John had been provoked.
But that didn't matter. There was "a fight" and
John had participated. He had failed to follow the prescribed
steps toward "conflict resolution". By suggesting that
the other boy was "stupid", he failed to "respect"
his tormentor. He had broken the ground rules for the politically
correct peace-making process which demands a standard of self-restraint
that would disqualify most adults.
John's school had adopted a policy called "zero tolerance",
a strategy touted by President Clinton and leading educators
across the country. In Ohio, the "Zero Tolerance for violence"
policy brings swift punishment on innocent victims as well as
aggressors-both are summarily suspended. So when a young girl
in Ohio was beaten by two other girls on her way to the schoolbus,
all three girls were sentenced to equal punishment: a ten day
suspension.
Intent to do wrong, a key element in criminal justice, is
irrelevant. "If you are hit, you are suspended, no matter
what," explained a concerned mother who asked to remain
anonymous. "If somebody wants to get another person, they
just hit them. Some kids don't mind getting suspended, but the
students who want to succeed do. Middle school kids are getting
hit by high-school kids and they are punished as if they hit
back. The daughter of a school board member was hit in the hallway.
She was suspended, even though other students said she didn't
provoke it."
It's happening from coast to coast. Like Twana, a straight-A
student in San Jose, California was expelled for bringing a finger-nail
clipper to school. Amber Nash, a high school honor student in
Gobles, Michigan, brought a knife to school to cut a friend's
brithday brownies. She was suspended for ten days.
In Alexandria, Louisiana, eight-year old honor student Kameryan
Lueng brought a family heirloom to her second-grade class. She
didn't realize that the little knife attached to the chain of
her grandfather's gold-plated old pocket watch would violate
the "zero tolerance" policy. Her punishment was suspension
from school and remediation at Redirection Academy.
"They were studying Colonial times, and Kameryan thought
her teacher would be interested in seeing something old,"
said her mother, Cheryl Lueng. "Kameryan cried when I told
her she couldn't go back to her school on Monday. She feels like
a criminal."3
How can schools justify their harsh punishment when their
victims intend no wrong? And why do most of the victims seem
to be honor students and high achievers?
Some educators "say the benefits of zero tolerance policies
in raising a school's overall standard of conduct outweighs the
harm done to any child who inadvertently breaks a rule,"4 wrote Tamar Lewin in a New York Times
article titled "School Codes Without Mercy Snare Pupils
Without Malice."
"We don't want to be making exceptions, having a principal
say this is a good child from a prominent family so we'll overlook
it, or this is a problem child from a poor family so we'll enforce
it," added Sylvia Pearson, president of the Rapides Parish
School Board, referring to little Kameryan. "We adopted
zero tolerance to make a safe environment for children."5
What about their emotional safety? Was the emphasis on self-esteem
and self-expression merely a passing fad, a bridge between the
old and the new paradigms? Did our permissive humanist stage
prepare America to welcome a new suppressive global stage?
CLINTON'S TEN-POINT PLAN
For most of this century, humanist educators have sought ways
to use education to transform both the world and its people.
"All of us, including the owners, must be subjected to a
large degree of social control," wrote NEA leader Willard
Givens in 1934. "The major function of the school is the
social orientation of the individual. It must seek to give him
an understanding of the transition to a new social order."
Today, self-proclaimed "change agents" see the fruit
of their work. Around the world, nations are conforming their
education systems to international standards, just as our states
are conforming to national standards. President Clinton outlined
the U.S. version of this global system in his 1997 State of the
Union address to Congress:
- 1. "Adopt high national standards."
-
- 2. "Establish nationally accepted credentials for excellence
in teaching."
-
- 3. "Help all our children read."
-
- 4. "Start teaching children before they start school."
-
- 5. "Give parents the power to choose the right public
school for their children."
-
- 6. "Teach our children to be good citizens."
-
- 7. "Help communities finance $20 billion in school construction."
-
- 8. "Open the doors of college to all."
-
- 9. "Expand the frontiers of learning across a lifetime."
-
- 10. "Bring the power of the information age into all
our schools."
These goals sound good, don't they? They should. Their purpose
is to win public support, not to communicate facts. As New York
Times editor Alison Mitchell wrote on February 12, "Clinton...
is still using his campaign polling firm of Penn & Schoen
to gauge public opinion and help him test and craft language
for his speeches."6
Clinton's marketing strategy matches the tactics of educational
change agents who say one thing but mean another. North Carolina
school superintendent Dr. Jim Causby summarized it well at a
1994 international model school conference in Atlanta:
"We have actually been given a course in how not to tell
the truth. How many of you are administrators? You've had that
course in public relations where you learn to put the best spin
on things."
Today's reformers shun clear definitions. Ambiguous promises
do far more to persuade the public, subdue the opposition, and
create consensus. So truth-telling must wait until polls indicate
public readiness. Clinton has learned his lessons well!
He challenges us to learn as well-to be ready always to test
what we hear in the light of truth and facts. Unless we decode
his noble visions in the light of new regulations and the stated
goals of education leaders, we will be deceived.
By changing the sequence of Clinton's ten goals we see a different
picture -- one that shows how the nice-sounding pieces fit into
a monstrous system that would manipulate, manage and monitor
"human resources" for the envisioned global village.
But keep in mind, the outline below is merely a summary. For
factual details explore Internet's education sites, check your
state's "workforce development" program, and read Brave
New Schools.
* "TEACH OUR CHILDREN TO BE GOOD CITIZENS," said
Clinton. "Promote order and discipline.... Impose curfews,
enforce truancy laws, remove disruptive students from the classroom
and have zero tolerance for guns and drugs."
Like "zero tolerance" for guns, the policies for
drugs and truancy have been stretched far beyond the realm of
danger and reason. Brooke Olson, a 13-year-old from Texas, was
suspended for carrying a bottle of Advil in her backpack. A thirteen-year-old
Ohio honor student was suspended and faced possible expulsion
for receiving the mild pain-reliever Midol from her friend for
cramps. And the new truancy laws often seem more effective in
intimidating home schoolers on the way to libraries than in stopping
genuine truancy. What is happening?
A good citizen is a global citizen in the minds of leading
educators. These global citizens must be trained to put planetary
needs above their own. As governor in 1987, Clinton, together
with professor John Goodlad, Carnegie president Ernest Boyer,
and other visionary members of the Study Commission on Global
Education, wrote a report titled "The United States Prepares
for Its Future: Global Perspectives in Education." Its foreword
states,
"A dozen years ago... teaching and learning "in
global perspective" was still exotic doctrine, threatening...
those who still thought of American citizenship as an amalgam
of American history, American geography, American lifestyles
and American ideas... It now seems almost conventional to speak
of American citizenship in the same breath with international
interdependence and the planetary environment."7
It isn't easy to persuade Americans to trade national pride
for planetary loyalties. But our new education system is designed
to instill a utopian vision of global interdependence in people
everywhere. Contrasted to the exaggerated evils of Western culture,
this vision looks enticing enough to motivate many to accept
unthinkable environmental and social restraints.
Using "zero tolerance" policies to shock, embarrass,
and intimidate dutiful students into compliance with irrational
rules fits the plan. Most students caught in the confusing web
of federal regulations must endure long sessions in "conflict
resolution" and "anger management"-two related
psycho-social strategies used to instill a submissive, collectivist
mentality. They have already become standard procedure in our
nation's classrooms. Thomas Sowell, Senior Fellow at the Hoover
Institution, summarized the process:
"The techniques of brainwashing developed in totalitarian
countries are routinely used in psychological conditioning programs
imposed on American school children. These include emotional
shock and desensitization, psychological isolation from sources
of support, stripping away defenses, manipulative cross-examination
of... moral values, and inducing acceptance of alternative values
by psychological rather than rational means."8
These unAmerican strategies may shock most parents, but they
fit the plan for transformation. While the Carnegie Foundation
was importing Soviet psychosocial strategies long before the
US-Soviet General Education Agreement9
was signed by Ronald Reagan and Michail Gorbachev, the 1985 treaty
made it official. Social studies, science, arts... all facets
of education were included in the exchange.
"Cooperation would cover all computer-based instruction,
instructional hardware and curriculum design for all grades of
primary and secondary education, as well as college and university
studies," wrote Malachi Martin in The Keys of this Blood.
"The obvious goal was a total homogenization not only of
the methods of teaching and learning, but what was to be taught
and learned. "10 He continued,
"Cooperation.... in the 'social sciences' turned a blind
eye to the official prostitution of psychiatry and psychology
by the Soviet Union as clinical tools for inflicting mental and
physical torture as political punishment and for disposing of
dissidents. The USSR had been banned from the World Psychiatric
Association in 1983 for such practices....
"Or take cooperation in the humanities. As taught in
the Soviet Union, all humanities are marinated in Leninist Marxism
as a matter of course. And history is distorted by... the systematic
suppression of facts, and by downright lies. One might wonder
what common curricula might be drawn up between the USSR and
the US...."
The aim of the General Agreement was "to transform the
shape of the world" and to restructure "institutions
so that they are not confined merely to the nations-states."11 It would take a new kind of teacher
to instill this message in the hearts of students across our
nation.
"ESTABLISH NATIONALLY ACCEPTED CREDENTIALS FOR EXCELLENCE
IN TEACHING," said Clinton. "...reward our best teachers....
Remove those few who don't measure up...."
This "excellence in teaching" has little to do with
traditional academics. It refers to expert training in psycho-social
strategies. Like other political promises, the nice-sounding
phrase was not designed to tell the truth but to win the support
of an uninformed public.
"Enlightened social engineering is required to face situations
that demand global action now,"12
said Professor John Goodlad, who served on the governing board
of UNESCO's Institute for Education before he joined Bill Clinton
on the 1987 Study Commission on Global Education. He knew that
teachers could only be social engineers in their classrooms when
they themselves have been trained in the new values and thinking
processes. His dream is nearing reality.
"We must require tougher licensing and certifcation standards,"13 says Education Secretary Richard
Riley. Even before 2000 AD, the target year, his new "performance-based"
teacher certification process is purging traditional teachers
who cling to the old academic ways.
With the global paradigm came an emphasis on earth-centered
spirituality and pantheistic oneness. Facts and memorization
("drill and kill") were traded for imagination, touchy-feely
experiences, and "systems thinking" which puts little
weight on pieces of information unless they can be fitted into
the new global context.
This thinking compels students to see their future from a
socialist point of view. Individualism must yield to the interest
of the greater whole. Personal rights must yield to community
responsibilities. And the nation-state must be absorbed into
the global village where the person merges into "the people"
- a mystical, impersonal union to be defined and managed by ruling
elites.
Individual achievement would clash with collective equality,
and traditional learning would raise logical questions globalists
prefer to dodge. In his article "Experts Say Too Much is
Read Into Illiteracy Crisis," Thomas Sticht, a member of
(the Labor) Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills
(SCANS) explained that
"Many companies have moved operations to places with
cheap, relatively poorly educated labor. What may be crucial,
they say, is the dependability of a labor force and how well
it can be managed and trained -- not its general educational
level, although a small cadre of highly educated creative people
are essential to innovation and growth. Ending discrimination
and changing values are probably more important than reading
in moving low income families into the middle class."14 (Emphasis added)
Professor Benjamin Bloom, called "father of outcome-based
education" introduced the battle plan for changing values
and managing people around the world:
"The purpose of education and the schools is to change
the thoughts, feelings and actions of students.15
"...a large part of what we call "good teaching"
is the teacher's ability to attain affective objectives through
challenging the students' fixed beliefs and getting them to discuss
issues."16
"Discussing issues" is key to the paradigm shift
in schools, workplaces, homes, and community meetings. The "ground
rules" for this Hegelian dialectic or consensus process
forbids debate and arguments. All must participate, compromise,
and seek "common ground." In "democratic"
classrooms from coast to coast where teachers facilitate rather
than teach, students follow manipulative suggestions, "discover
their own" truth, and embrace a globalist ideology that
censors every reason to be grateful for the land God gave us.
The chart below describes the two kinds of schools from an educator's
perspective."17
* "BRING THE POWER OF THE INFORMATION AGE INTO ALL OUR
SCHOOLS," said Clinton. "Connect every classroom and
library to the Internet by the year 2000, so that... a child
in the most isolated rural town, the most comfortable suburb,
the poorest inner-city school will have the same access to the
same universe of knowledge."
Computer learning will speed the paradigm shift. Every student
must be linked to an interactive computer program designed to
prod each child toward the "right" beliefs and values,
test rate of change, monitor compliance, and remediate when necessary-all
at a pace tailored to the individual's progress, cooperation,
or resistance. Dustin Heuston of Utah's World Institute for Computer-Assisted
Teaching (WICAT) shares his delight in the power of this technology:
"We've been absolutely staggered by realizing that the
computer has the capability to act as if it were ten of the top
psychologists working with one student. You've seen the tip of
the iceberg. Won't it be wonderful when the child in the smallest
county in the most distant area or in the most confused urban
setting can have the equivalent of the finest school in the world
on that terminal and no one can get between that child and that
computer?"18
"HELP COMMUNITIES FINANCE $20 BILLION IN SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION."
Dilapidated buildings and peeling paint are good excuses for
new buildings, but they don't explain why school district that
closed functional schools only a year or two ago-long after the
time of declining enrollments-are now demanding millions for
new schools. The old schools were sufficient for old paradigm
education. But they were inadequate in design and electrical
capacity for the computer links needed to bring students into
the global cyber-village.
"ADOPT HIGH NATIONAL STANDARDS," said Clinton. "Every
state and school must shape the curriculum to reflect these standards....
To help schools meet the standards and measure their progress,
we will... develop national tests...."
The "high national standards" are high only to those
who measure them against achievements in inner city schools where
few could meet traditional standards. Based on affective standards
set by the Department of Health and Human services and work skills
and competencies set by the Department of Labor, they are low
enough to ensure success for anyone willing to conform to the
new values. Individual progress would be tracked and stored through
the monstrous national-international information management system.
The new standards fit the "seamless web" of "cradle
to grave" learning designed by Marc Tucker. As chief of
the National Center on Education and the Economy, which began
as an agency within the Carnegie Foundation, Tucker leads the
nationwide school-to-work program. In a jubilant 1992 post-election
letter to Hillary Clinton, he described the new education program:
"...regulated on the basis of outcomes... in which curriculum,
pedagogy, examinations, and teacher education and licensure systems
are all linked to the national standards... a system that rewards
students who meet the national standards with further education
and good jobs...."
Tucker's "pedagogy" for developing "human resources"
for the global economy follows the school-to-work pattern developed
in the former USSR. It's not surprising then, that the massive
Goals 2000: Educate America Act would parallel Soviet education
in virtually all its details: early childhood education, state-controlled
child raising through community "partnerships", vocational
training for all, mandated "parental involvement" in
government program, indoctrination in the politically correct
ideology, lifelong monitoring of compliance, etc.. Vladimir Turchenko
summarized Soviet education goals - and the new American goals-in
The Scientific and Technological Revolution and the Revolution
in Education:
"One of the most important functions of education today
is... the preparation of a skilled labor force for the national
economy.... A second task is to ensure the socialization of the
younger generation.... [This] involves shifting the focus of
instruction from memorization to teaching how to think... The
upbringing of the younger generation will become the affair of
all."
"START TEACHING CHILDREN BEFORE THEY START SCHOOL,"
said Clinton. "The First Lady ...and I will convene a White
House Conference on Early Leaning and the Brain this spring,
to explore how parents and educators can best use these startling
new findings."
This "startling news" provides a plausible rationale
for bringing "parent educators" into homes of pregnant
and new mothers. These "helpers" teach and monitor
politically correct parenting skills and guide parents to the
proper community "partners." Like classroom teachers,
all these parent teachers must soon be trained to discourage
Judeo-Christian values which block the "open-mindedness"
needed for children to "start school" ready to embrace
group thinking and global spirituality. Non-compliant parents
put their children "at risk"-a label that could put
parents at risk of losing their right to raise their own children.
Hillary Clinton's "village" is nearing reality.
"GIVE PARENTS THE POWER TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT PUBLIC SCHOOL
FOR THEIR CHILDREN," said Clinton. "Create 3000...
charter schools by the next century."
Since all public schools must produce "outcomes"
that match national-international goals and standard, it doesn't
really matter which parents choose. All students-whether in public,
private, or home-schools-must "demonstrate" competency
in specified work skills and conform to the "high standards"
for global citizenship. If their portfolios and assessments show
failure to adapt, they will not earn their CIM (Certificate of
Initial Mastery). That means no work or college until after "remediation".
"HELP ALL OUR CHILDREN READ," said Clinton. "Forty
percent of our 8-year-olds cannot read on their own.... We want
at least 100,000 college students to help..... Sixty college
presidents have answered my call...."
A century ago, almost all school children learned to read.
The rate of illiterate children soared because schools switched
from phonics to "whole language". Unless college volunteers
are better trained in phonics than elementary school teachers,
their efforts won't solve the problem.
There is another advantage. An army of college "volunteers"
will be taught through politically correct "service learning"-a
blend of politicized social studies and managed multicultural
experience. (See Brave New Schools)
"OPEN THE DOORS OF COLLEGE TO ALL," said Clinton.
"Make the 13th and 14th years of education-at least two
years of college-just as universal in America as a high school
education is today."
A new kind of college is the reward for compliance. Only students
who have demonstrated the "right" work skills-primarily
the collective mind set required for Total Quality Management-and
world citizenship attitudes can climb the dubious ladder of the
new education system. Since colleges must be "dumbed-down"
and adapted to the new "human resource development"
goals, Clinton's deceptive promise is little more than a tempting
carrot to draw us toward national consensus.
"EXPAND THE FRONTIERS OF LEARNING ACROSS A LIFETIME,"
said Clinton. "All our people, of whatever age, must have
a chance to learn new skills...."
Lifelong learning, an idea first developed by UNESCO, pulls
all the complex pieces of the puzzle together into a continuous
process of change and behavior modification. Marc Tucker described
it well in his letter to Hillary Clinton, "...create a seamless
web of opportunities to develop one's skills that literally extends
from cradle to grave." grave." This web, which mandates
a massive multi-layered buraucracy of political, community, health,
environmental, and business partners, merges education and labor
into a national-international workforce program,
Every person-young and old, parents and children-must be included
in the transforming process. "Parents and the general public
must be reached also, otherwise, children and youth enrolled
in globally oriented programs may find themselves in conflict
with values assumed in the home,"19
said Professor John Goodlad, broadening his vision for for "enlightened
social engineering".
Parents are gradually being forced into the massive system
through regulations and contracts mandating their "participation"
in community partnerships. When a Florida woman who suffers from
kidney failure, missed a mandatory PTA meeting, the school punished
her by expelling her five-year old son from kindergarten. She
had called from the hospital to let the Pasadena Fundamental
School in Tampa know she was too sick to come, but hospitalization
was not an acceptable excuse. She was told that she should have
found someone to go in her place.20
Lifelong learning must prepare all workers for a global economy
regulated through international standards based on Total Quality
Management. This sounds good to those who see TQM merely as a
way to ensure quality products. It looks ominous when the quality
product is our children.
It looks worse when seen as a means to manage people at every
level of society. Beginning with early childhood training in
group thinking and global values, the training, counseling, indoctrination,
and tracking-along with rewards and punishment-continues through
the years of formal schooling and, later, through the standardized
workplace and "sustainable community". Global citizens
may not know how to multiply or read books, but they can work
as a team, dialogue in cyberspace with young idealists around
the world, and submit to a flood of new regulations - blissfully
unaware of the freedoms they have lost.
Today, as in recent totalitarian regimes, well-chosen compensations
distract the masses from the terrors of government tyranny. In
Brave New World, British socialist Aldous Huxley describe some
seductive "feelies" that compensate for the loss of
freedom. My nest artile will show how educators promote the same
compensations today. Small wonder, since Aldous Huxley's brother
was Julian Huxley, the first Secretary-General of UNESCO.
A gullible public will give its consent unless America soon
wakes up. Remember, Gorbachev's warning: "Bill Clinton will
be a great president... if he can make America the creator of
a new world order based on consensus." 21
Year 2000 is the target date.
The Old Testament shows that the deceptions of ambitious leaders
have stayed remarkably constant through the centuries: "'Because
you have spoken nonsense and envisioned lies, therefore I am
indeed against you,' says the Lord GOD. 'My hand will be against
the prophets who envision futility ....They have seduced My people,
saying, 'Peace!' when there is no peace.'" (Ezekiel 13:8-10)
The way to genuine peace is found in Isaiah 30:15: "In
repentance and rest is your salvation, in quietness and trust
is your strength." The words that follow bring a sad reminder
of today's spiritual rebellion: "but you would have none
of it."
Yet, for those who stay true to our Lord and His Word, Isaiah
brings a wonderful promise: "The LORD longs to be gracious
to you; He rises to show you compassion. For the Lord is a God
of justice. Blessed are all who wait for him!"
<>< ..... <><
.... <><
To understand the new education system and what concerned
parents and others can do, read Brave New Schools (Harvest
House Publishers).
Endnotes:
- 1 See "The UN Plan for Your Mental Health"
- 2 Raymond Houghton, To Nurture
Humaneness: Commitment for the '70's (The Association for Supervision
and Curriculum Development of the NEA, 1970).
- 3 Tamar Lewin, "School Codes
Without Mercy Snare Pupils Without Malice," New York Times,
12 March 1997.
- 4 Ibid.
- 5 Ibid.
- 6 Alison Mitchell, "Clinton
Seems to Keep Running Though the Race Is Run and Won," New
York Times, 12 February 1997.
- 7 "The United States Prepares
for Its Future: Global Perspectives in Education, Report of the
Study Commission on Global Education," 1987. The report
was financed by the Rockefeller, Ford and Exxon Foundations.
Cited by Dr. Dennis Laurence Cuddy, A Chronololgy of Education
(Pro Family Forum, Inc., Box 1059, Highland City, FL), 80.
- 8 Thomas Sowell, Ph.D., "Indoctrinating
the Children," Forbes, February 1, 1993), 65.
- 9 The General Agreement on Contacts,
Exchanges and Scientific Technical Education and Other Fields
- 10 Malachi Martin, The Keys of
this Blood (New York: Touchstone, 1990), 391.
- 11 Ibid., 392.
- 12 John Goodlad, Preface to Schooling
for a Global Age, edited by James Becker (New York: McGraw Hill,
1979).
- 13 Richard Riley, "Master
Teachers Can Now Seek National Certification of Excellence,"
Community Update, U.S.Department of Education, February 1997.
- 14 Thomas Sticht and Willis Harman,
"Experts Say Too Much is Read Into Illiteracy Crisis,"
The Washington Post, August 17, 1987. Cited by Charlotte Iserbyt,
"OBE Choice: the Final Solution," 4
- 15 Benjamin Bloom, All Our Children
Learning (New York: McCraw Hill, 1981); 180.
- 16 David Krathwohl, Benjamin
Bloom and Bertram Massia, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives,
The Classification of Educational Goals, Handbook II: Affective
Domain, (McKay Publishers, 1956), 55.
- 17 As described by Ira Shor,
Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change (The
University of Chicago Press, 1992).
- 18 Dustin H. Heuston, "Discussion--Developing
the Potential of an Amazing Tool," Schooling and Technology,
Vol. 3, Planning for the Future: A Collaborative Model, published
by Southeastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement,
P.O. Box 12746, 200 Park, Suite 111, Research Triangle Park,
NC 27709/ Grant from National Institute of Education, p. 8. Cited
by Charlotte Iserbyt, Back to Basics Reform Or... OBE Skinnerian
International Curriculum (Bath, ME: 1993), 27.
- 19 Goodlad.
- 20 "Across the USA: News
from every state", USA Today, 13 Feb. 1997.
- 21. Mikhail Gorbachev, "New
World Order: Consensus," The Cape Cod Times, January 28,
1993.
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